Urea, a key fertilizer driving modern agriculture, was first produced in 1828 by a groundbreaking experiment by a German chemist. Today, it relies on the Haber-Bosch process to synthesize ammonia under high temperature and pressure. Through precise steps such as natural gas reforming to produce hydrogen and carbon dioxide reaction, it is finally melted and granulated into a high-efficiency fertilizer—every urea embodies the wisdom of the chemical industry.

The chemical formula of urea is CO(NH2)2. The production method involves reacting ammonia with carbon dioxide under high pressure to first produce ammonium carbamate, which is then dehydrated to produce urea.

The main raw materials for urea are ammonia (NH₃) and carbon dioxide (CO₃). Ammonia is usually synthesized through the Haber process, using nitrogen (N₂) and hydrogen (H₂) as raw materials, under high temperature, high pressure, and the action of a catalyst. Carbon dioxide can be obtained from various industrial processes, such as the tail gas from ammonia synthesis plants and cement plants.